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Freeze the eggs!

Global birth rates are falling at an accelerated pace. According to the UN, the global total fertility rate (TFR) dropped to a record low of 2.25 in 2023 and is projected to fall further to 2.2 in 2024. At this pace, the TFR is set to dip below the replacement level of 2.1 nearly two decades earlier than the UN’s latest forecasts had anticipated.

The long-run decline in fertility has two main components. The first is the "quantum effect"—the trend for families to have fewer children as incomes rise, choosing instead to invest more in each child, particularly through education. Economics and evolutionary theory both rely on this shift in the quantity-quality trade-off to explain why fertility has fallen since the Industrial Revolution, even as wealth has grown.

The second component is the "tempo effect"—birth postponement. Women are delaying motherhood due to rising labour force participation and career opportunities, which increase the opportunity cost of having children, and shifting social norms. Other contributors include difficulty in finding a partner, precarious housing and job markets, and evolving personal preferences. Meanwhile, outright childlessness is increasing, which neither the quantum nor tempo frameworks fully explain.

Demographicsclaus vistesenMay 24, 2025Fertility, IVF, egg freezing, demographics, birth rates, te, tempo effects

Global Leading Indicators, April 2025 - Hanging on

The April 2025 edition of the global LEI chartbook can be found here. Additional details on the methodology are available here.

Global leading indicators were hanging on for dear life in April strained by the shock of President Trump’s tariff measures. A rebound from current levels that keeps the cyclical upturn alive is not without precedent, but it is rare—and historically, such rebounds have offered little comfort to investors. Portfolios with high sensitivity to the global macro cycle are likely to face continued weakness.

Global Leading Indicators, March 2025 - The world before tariffs, and after

The March 2025 edition of the global LEI chartbook can be found here. Additional details on the methodology are available here. I’ve added a few new elements: a chart showing the G20 LEI and its three-year rolling Z-score; a comparison between headline LEI diffusion and global equities; and a chart of the first three principal components of the LEIs. Of these, the first component is the most significant—as I’ll explain below.

As the name suggests, leading indicators are designed to provide early signals on the business cycle, and by extension, on the cyclical component in financial markets and the most cyclical individual sectors. However, there are times when turning points or events disrupt the underlying conditions so abruptly that they effectively reset the clock. Trump’s tariff shock—and its implications for global goods and capital mobility—is one such event. But for the record: what did the global economy look like on the eve of this tariff shock? As it turns out, it was doing quite well.

Things to think about #11 -Black Monday, Old God's Time and The Point Magazine on Feminism

I was out for a run this weekend with a friend who also works in the financial industry. As we sat down afterward over a cup of tea, our conversation turned—unsurprisingly—to the risk of a Black Monday tomorrow. This, in case you’re wondering, is how investors are spending their weekend: nervously looking ahead to next week’s open. Accidents happen in financial markets, but it’s not often they’re triggered by policy errors as egregious as the one we saw last week from Donald Trump. Not to worry, though; Mr. Trump and his team have a habit of throwing mud at the wall to see what sticks. This one, clearly, is sliding down pretty quickly. So they’ll walk it back, right?

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